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History of Newark, New Jersey
Newark has long been the largest city in New Jersey. Founded in 1666, it greatly expanded during the Industrial Revolution, becoming the commercial and cultural hub of the region. Its population grew with various waves of migration in the mid 20th century, peaking in 1950. It suffered greatly during the era of urban decline and suburbanization in the late 20th century. Since the millennium it has benefited from interest and re-investment in America's cities, recording population growth in the 2020 census.
==Founding and 18th century==
Newark was founded in 1666 by Connecticut Puritans led by Robert Treat from the New Haven Colony to avoid losing political power to others not of their own church after the union of the Connecticut and New Haven colonies.〔Edward Paul Rindler, "The Migration from the New Haven Colony to Newark, East New Jersey: A Study of Puritan Values and Behavior, 1630-1720" PhD dissertation U of Pennsylvania; ''Dissertation Abstracts International'' (1978), 38#11 pp 6792-6792 (online )〕〔Royal R. Hinman. ''A Catalogue of the Names of the Early Puritan Settlers of the Colony of Connecticut'' Press of Case, Tiffany, & Co., Hartford, 1852, p. 476〕〔Joseph Atkinson, ''The history of Newark, New Jersey'' (William B. Guild, Newark, N. J., 1878), pp. 8-9〕 It was the third settlement founded in New Jersey, after Bergen, New Netherland (later dissolved into Hudson County) and Elizabethtown (modern-day Elizabeth).
They sought to establish a colony with strict church rules similar to the one they had established in Milford, Connecticut. Treat wanted to name the community "Milford." Another settler, Abraham Pierson, said the community reflecting the new task at hand should be named "New Ark" for "New Ark of the Covenant." The name was shortened to Newark.〔"Origins of Thanksgiving"http://curiousnewyork.blogspot.com/2010/11/origins-of-thanksgiving-american.html?m=1〕〔The city's name is frequently said to come from Newark-on-Trent, a town in England, but that is incorrect.〕References to the name "New Ark" are found in preserved letters written by historical figures such as James McHenry dated as late as 1787.〔Bernard C. Steiner and James McHenry, ''(The life and correspondence of James McHenry )''(Cleveland: Burrows Brothers Co., 1907)〕
Treat and the party bought the property on the Passaic River from the Hackensack Indians by exchanging gunpowder, one hundred bars of lead, twenty axes, twenty coats, guns, pistols, swords, kettles, blankets, knives, beer, and ten pairs of breeches. The total control of the community by the Church continued until 1733 when Josiah Ogden harvested wheat on a Sunday following a lengthy rainstorm and was disciplined by the Church for Sabbath breaking. He left the church and corresponded with Episcopalian missionaries, who arrived to build a church in 1746 and broke up the Puritan theocracy.〔("History of Newark", ''A Walk Through Newark'' ), Thirteen/WNET. Retrieved January 13, 2006.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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